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153 Risultati
The Latvian NDC Scheme: Success Under a Decreasing Labor Force
16-07-2019
Palmer Edward, Stabina Sandra
Latvia introduced a nonfinancial defined contribution (NDC) scheme in 1996 as it transitioned to a market economy. Despite a 20 percent decline in the working-age population from 1994-2016, the ratio of contributors to old-age pensioners rose from 1.6 to 2.1 given a steady increase in formal labor force participation and 5-6 percent real per capita wage growth. Projections show that long-term financial balance will be maintained through 2070, despite the threat of a projected 50 percent decline in the working-age population. Budgeted reserves will cushion the continued transition into a two-pillar public pension scheme. Latvia’s most important long-term policy challenge is to create the domestic investments and economic growth to reward younger workers for remaining in the country.
The Swedish NDC scheme: success on track with room for reflection
15-07-2019
Palmer Edward, Konberg Bo
Sweden’s reform began with a published sketch in 1992, and developed into nonfinancial defined contribution (NDC) legislation in 1994. This paper discusses the underpinnings of the Swedish NDC scheme’s financial stability, factors influencing the adequacy of benefits, and its interplay with other components of the pension system: the public financial defined contribution scheme, the minimum pension guarantee, and the occupational schemes. The paper also includes information on the December 2017 broad six-party political agreement on forthcoming legislation. It concludes with recommendations for additional improvements in the overall old-age pension system, based on the analysis of financial stability, adequacy, and differences in outcomes, and the interaction of the NDC scheme with the guarantee benefits and the occupational schemes.
Immigration and unemployment in Europe: does the core-periphery dualism matter?
03-06-2019
Esposito Piero, Collignon Stefan, Scicchitano Sergio
The migrant crisis is one of the most challenging tasks the EU has ever faced. In this paper, we assess the impact of immigration and unemployment for a sample of 15 EU countries between 1997 and 2016. We test for the existence of a core-periphery dualism based on differences in macroeconomic fundamentals and labour market characteristics. We use a Panel Error Correction Model to assess the direction and persistence of the impact of immigration on domestic unemployment in the short and in the long run. In the long run, immigration is found to reduce unemployment in all peripheral-countries. In core countries, we find no long-run impact of immigration on unemployment due to substantial heterogeneity. As for short-run dynamics, we find a confirmation of the result that immigration reduces unemployment for the whole sample.
Digitalization, routineness and employment: an exploration on Italian task-based data
02-06-2019
Cirillo Valeria, Evangelista Rinaldo, Guarascio Dario, Sostero Matteo
This paper explores the relation between the digitalization of labour processes, the level of routineness of tasks and changes in employment. The levels of digitalization and routineness of occupations in 796 5-digit ISCO occupational groups are measured using data from a unique Italian occupational-level survey on skill, task and work contents – the Inapp-Istat Survey on Italian Occupations (ICP), an O*NET-type dataset. We develop three novel digitalization indices: a digital use index measuring the use of digital devices and technologies in the workplace, a digital skills index assessing the familiarity and skill in using digital technologies, and a digital tasks index capturing the frequency and importance of selected digital tasks.
Profili socio-culturali nelle differenze di opinione degli italiani sulle vaccinazioni
01-06-2019
Rosano Aldo, Pagliarella Maria Chiara
L’opinione della popolazione sulle vaccinazioni è un argomento poco investigato in letteratura. Il presente studio intende delineare il profilo degli italiani che hanno opinioni diverse sui vaccini e la loro fiducia nei confronti della comunità scientifica. L’analisi è stata condotta a partire dai dati della European Social Survey (ESS), rilevati da Inapp nel corso del 2017, con l’obiettivo di analizzare il profilo socio-culturale dei rispondenti alla domanda sulla presunta nocività dei vaccini mediante un modello di regressione logistica.
Firm-level distributional dynamics: Labour share in Italian medium-large firms
31-05-2019
Bloise Francesco, Brunetti Irene, Cirillo Valeria
In this paper, we explore the main drivers of firm-level labour share focusing on a sample of medium-large Italian firms. Taking advantage of the Rilevazione Imprese e Lavoratori (RIL) run by Inapp in 2010 and 2015, we explore the main drivers of changes in labour share on a heterogeneous sample of firms emphasizing different mechanisms at work among those firms showing higher labour share and firms with lower labour share. The results suggest an overall pattern of polarization: “more unequal firms” register a decline in labour share over the crisis, while the so-called “more equal firms” show an increase of the labour share even during the crisis period.
Immigrants, firms and productivity: evidence from Italy
30-05-2019
Ferri Valentina, Ricci Andrea, Vittori Claudia
The recent positive immigration trend, that has characterized Europe over the last three decades, has generated an ongoing debate on the role played by immigrants on many aspects of the labour markets. We fill a gap in the literature by offering the first evidence for Italy, on the relationship between immigration from extra EU and labour productivity. We take advantage of a rich and unique firm level data from the Rilevazione Imprese e Lavoro (RIL) conducted by Inapp in 2007, 2010 and 2015 on a representative sample of Italian firms.
Disciplina e tutela del lavoro nelle digital labour platform. Un modello di tecno-regolazione
19-03-2019
De Minicis Massimo, Donà Silvia, Lettieri Nicola, Marocco Manuel
La distribuzione e organizzazione del lavoro mediante piattaforme costituisce senza dubbio uno degli aspetti più attuali e discussi dell’economia digitale. La sfida da affrontare è quella di elaborare nuove strategie regolative capaci di offrire ai lavoratori tutele effettive sul piano economico, previdenziale e delle condizioni di lavoro, conciliando il tutto con le esigenze dello sviluppo. Le labour platform non aprono solo inedite prospettive di sviluppo economico, ma pongono anche una serie di questioni che appaiono ben lontane dall’essere risolte. Il paper affronta il tema ponendosi nella prospettiva della tecno-regolazione, paradigma di evoluzione del diritto nel quale la tecnologia tende a configurarsi non solo come oggetto, ma anche come parte integrante del processo regolativo.
More insecure and less paid? The effect of perceived job insecurity on wage distribution
07-02-2019
Scicchitano Sergio, Biagetti Marco, Chirumbolo Antonio
This article employs a Counterfactual Decomposition Analysis (CDA) using both a semi-parametric and a non-parametric method to examine the pay gap, over the entire wage distribution, between secure and insecure workers on the basis of perceived job insecurity. Using the 2015 INAPP Survey on Quality of Work, our results exhibit a mirror J-shaped pattern in the pay gap, with a significant sticky floor effect, i.e. the job insecurity more relevant at the lowest quantiles. This pattern is mainly due to the characteristics effect, while the relative incidence of the coefficient component accounts roughly for 22 up to 36% of the total difference, being more relevant at the bottom of the wage distribution.
Low-skill jobs and routine tasks specialization: new insights from Italian provinces
07-02-2019
Brunetti Irene, Cirillo Valeria, Intraligi Valerio, Ricci Andrea
This paper analyzes the relation between specialization in routine tasks and the growth of low-skill jobs in Italian provinces. At this aim we use data of the Labour Force Survey (RCFL-ISTAT) integrated with information about the Italian provinces’ specialization in routine tasks derived from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). Following the empirical strategy proposed by Autor and Dorn (2013), we find the following results. First, in the period between 2004 and 2017, the routine tasks specialization leads to a significant increase in the growth of low-skill/low-wage occupations at province level. Second, if we focus on university-educated workers, the impact of provinces’ specialization in routine tasks on the growth of low-skill/low wage jobs slightly increases. This result suggests that the local employment specialization in routine tasks might be also associated with increasing over-education patterns in Italy. Finally, our findings are robust to an econometric strategy that controls for endogeneity issues.
Does routinization affect occupation dynamics? Evidence from the ‘Italian O*Net’ data
29-11-2018
Gualtieri Valentina, Guarascio Dario, Quaranta Roberto
Taking advantage of a dataset providing O*Net-type information on the task content of Italian occupations, this work analyses empirically if and to what extent employment patterns are affected by task characteristics in terms of “relative routinarity”. The investigation focuses on the 2005-2016 period relying on a panel including all Italian 4-digit occupations.
Do unions affect innovation in Italy? Evidence from firm-level data
01-11-2018
Berton Fabio, Dughera Stefano, Ricci Andrea
We study the unions-innovation correlation using micro-data on Italian non-agricultural firm. The key finding of the paper is that unionized firms have a higher and statistically significant probability of filing patents than their non-union competitors in Italy. While corroborating the evidence that unionisation does not – generally speaking – inhibit innovation in Europe (while the opposite hold true in North America), our study is the first to show that such effect is unambiguously positive in the Italian pre-crisis context and also that it is far more significant than in the rest of Europe. The result is at odds with the de-unionisation path which has characterised Italy over the last decades and thus needs to be interpreted in terms of policy suggestions.
Neodualism in the Italian business firms: training, organizational capabilities and productivity distributions
24-10-2018
Dosi Giovanni, Guarascio Dario, Ricci Andrea, Virgillito Maria Enrica
What has been the dynamics of productivity in the Italian business firms in the aftermath of the crisis? And what has been the impact of training efforts upon such dynamics? In this work we address these questions exploring a unique Italian microlevel dataset which links information on the amount and the nature of training and the balance-sheet data.